Since 2011, the Caribbean coastal regions have experienced waves of Sargassum algae ( Sargassumfluitans and S. natans) that accumulate on their shores. The arrival in the Mexican Caribbean of excessive amounts of pelagic sargassum causes strong tourism, ecological and socioeconomic impacts. The control measures of the arrivals, carried out by local and federal authorities are not sufficient due in part to the lack of operational guidelines based on technical knowledge. Despite cleaning efforts, the algae decompose on the beaches and their degradation produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) that accumulate in the coastal zone (beaches and coastal waters) and affect the tourism industry. (which is a relevant local and national economic sector) and coastal ecosystems. And it also has a negative impact on human health. Each year, medical reports associating health effects from H2S exposure increase, as do public complaints regarding unpleasant odors. The removal, transportation, and disposal of sargassum also cause ecological, economic and sanitary problems, since sargassum is treated the same as any solid waste, which generates leachates that affect the aquifer. Declared a national emergency, the massive blooming (arribazón) of sargassum has been the subject of urgent interdisciplinary scientific research necessary to understand its origin, evolution and multiple impacts on the landscape heritage of the Mexican Caribbean region. The phenomenon has been analyzed comprehensively, from its origin in international waters, to its multiple impacts, including environmental, social and economic impacts on the seas and coasts of Mexico, particularly in the coastal landscape of Quintana Roo. Various investigations that have been developed include physical and biological oceanography studies to understand the hydrodynamics and coastal circulation associated with the marine biomass of sargassum, its transport mechanisms, seasonality and variability, as well as its implications for the region as a whole, have determined the importance of monitoring various parameters. However, there is still a lack of research on the impacts of the accumulation of sargassum on air quality, which will affect the health of the population and, in the case of the Mexican Caribbean, the tourism industry that represents 8% of the national GDP. This research is essential to create warning systems with monitoring networks that allow real-time monitoring of atmospheric levels of sargassum decomposition gasses (H2S and NH3) and meteorological parameters (wind direction and speed, atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation). In addition, it is also important to characterize the chemical composition of the waste and the leachate generated after different degrees of decomposition, in terms of concentration of arsenic (As), heavy metals (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) and dissolved ions ( NH4 +, NO2 -, NO3-, SO4 2), since the migration of metals through land and water are also strong environmental pollutants. In this proposal, a global project is proposed, which includes the study of air quality, water quality, characterization of sediments on beaches, environmental conditions associated with sargassum landings, and valorization of sargassum from the Mexican Caribbean, with the objective carry out an environmental diagnosis and understand the correlation of different factors and the consequences that these can have on human and environmental health.
The proposal presented by Protect Our Planet Movement, the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the Scientific Research Center of Yucatan (CICY) has the objective of being part of the effort of the OECS (Organization of Eastern Caribbean States), in partnership with the Regional Council of Guadeloupe to expand the coverage area to Mexico in building cooperation on the sargassum issue between the full members of the OECS and its associate members, based in the financial support mechanisms of the EDF (European Development Fund), within the framework of the INTERREG application submitted in May 2019 by the Guadeloupe region
Country: Mexico
Contact: POP Movement